Cultural Relativism Essay - 1398 Words

Cultural relativism, pioneered in 1906 by sociologist William Graham Sumner, introduces the idea that there is no universal code of ethics. In The Challenge of Cultural Relativism, written by James Rachels, Rachels explains and challenges the ideas presented by Sumner in cultural relativism. Rachels explains, Cultural relativism is the doctrine that all moral values derive entirely from individual cultural codes, and that there are no objective, independently correct moral values. In other words, there are no absolute truths about what is right and wrong because judgements of right and wrong are all relative to a given culture. Rachels starts by explaining how different cultures have different moral codes. For example, the Greeks†¦show more content†¦The arguments are as follows: Different societies have different moral codes. The moral code of a society determines what is right within that society; that is, if the moral code of a society says that a certain action is right, that that action is right, at least within that society. There is no objective standard that can be used to judge one society s codes better than another s. In other words, there is no universal truth in ethics; there are no moral truths that hold for all people at all times. The moral code of our own society has no special status; it is merely one among many. It is mere arrogance for us to try to judge the conduct of other peoples. We should adopt an attitude of tolerance toward the practices of other cultures. Rachels points out that these ideals may seem to be adequate at first glance, but may actually be contradictory of each other. Numbers two and five, for example, could contradict the other (Rachels 463). He also begins to talk about the form of argument that cultural relativists present. All arguments they present deal with appealing to our morality and tolerance, and the presentation of the argument does not actually follow the conclusion of the argument. He also points out that the conclusion may not necessarily be false, but it simply does not follow the premise presented initially. Overall, Rachels main problem with cultural relativism is that it does not have validShow MoreRelatedCultural Relativism Essay1702 Words   |  7 Pagessociety, cultural relativism is an acceptable theory to adhere to. A society is a collective group of people who are either figuratively or literally aggregated together. There are many societies, sub-societies, and communities that are overlapping. At the same time, every living individual in the world makes up an umbrella society or community that constructs the present-day society. In â€Å"The Challenge of Cultural Relativism,† James Rachels claims that there are consequences to accepting cultural relativismRead MoreMeta-Ethical Cultural Relativism Essay737 Words   |  3 PagesMeta-Ethical Cultural Relativism The thesis of meta-ethical cultural relativism is the philosophical viewpoint that there are no absolute moral truths, only truths relative to the cultural context in which they exist. From this it is therefore presumed that what one society considers to be morally right, another society may consider to be morally wrong, therefore, moral rights and wrongs are only relative to a particular society. Thus cultural relativism implies that what is good is whatRead MoreEssay on Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism667 Words   |  3 Pagescontrast ETHNOCENTRISM and CULTURAL RELATIVISM. Discuss how you have experienced OR witnessed both concepts in our American Society. Ethnocentrism is viewing your own culture as more superior than any other culture, that all other groups are measured in relation to one’s own. Ethnocentrism can lead to cultural misinterpretation and it often distorts communication between human beings. + while cultural relativism is the concept that the importance of a particular cultural idea varies from one societyRead More Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism Essay example506 Words   |  3 PagesEthnocentrism and Cultural Relativism Ethnocentrism and cultural relativism are two contrasting terms that are displayed by different people all over the world. Simply put, ethnocentrism is defined as â€Å"judging other groups from the perspective of one’s own cultural point of view.† Cultural relativism, on the other hand, is defined as â€Å"the view that all beliefs are equally valid and that truth itself is relative, depending on the situation, environment, and individual.† Each of these ideasRead MoreEvaluate †©Rachels †©Arguments †©Against †©Cultural†© Relativism Essay1682 Words   |  7 PagesPHIL1001 ESSAY Evaluate†©Rachels†©arguments†©against†©cultural†©relativism.†©Is†©he†©right†©to†©endorse†© objective†©moral†©realism? DINH NAM TRAN 308213904 Cultural relativism, as defined by the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. â€Å"Is the thesis that a person’s culture strongly influences her modes of perception and thought† Most cultural relativists add to this definition saying that there is no standard of morality. This means that morality is relative to the particular society that one lives inRead MoreThe Fundamental Claim of Cultural Relativism Essay example1270 Words   |  6 PagesCultural relativism is an axiom to which some individuals use to govern if an act is morally wrong or right. It is considered a subspecies of the theory of moral relativism as it essentially follows the same path but just considers a more narrow approach. Putting Schafer-Landau’s Argument from disagreement into context for cultural relativism, looks to disprove the theory, however I will demonstrate how it is flawed. Schafer-Landau’s Argument from disagreement states: P1: If well informed, open mindedRead MoreSocial Contract Theory and Cultural Relativism Essay2184 Words   |  9 Pages Thomas Hobbes’s social contract theory is minimally related to that of cultural relativism. Both deal with human nature and the search for peace. But while cultural relativism is in some ways a noteworthy theory, the social contract theory is the only one of the two that could logically work in an active environment. Cultural relativism theorizes that the best way for different societies to function together at peace is for them to recognize that each culture must be allowed its own systemRead MoreEssay on The Cultural Differences Argument for Moral Relativism1299 Words   |  6 PagesRuth Villagra The Cultural Differences Argument for Moral Relativism. Moral Relativism is generally used to describe the differences among various cultures that influence their morality and ethics. According to James Rachels, because of moral relativism there typically is no right and wrong and briefly states : â€Å"Different cultures have different moral codes.† (Rachels, 18) Various cultures perceive right and wrong differently. What is considered right in one society could be considered wrongRead MoreCultural Relativism Essay1108 Words   |  5 PagesIs cultural relativism good for our society? Cultural relativism is a belief where there are no absolute moral views or beliefs can be apply to all cultures, which makes â€Å"right† and â€Å"wrong† different in every society; what is considered â€Å"right† in one society may be considered â€Å"wrong† in another. Since no universal standard of morality exists, no one has the right to judge another society’s customs. If this belief is held true, then every culture will have their own set of â€Å"rules† to live byRead MoreCultural Relativism Essay938 Words   |  4 PagesULTURAL RELATIVISM 2 Introduction This paper aims to address several ethical questions, especially regarding Cultural Relativism which typically outlines why values and morals in human communities are deemed appropriate. Further, the paper discusses how cultural relativism is used to justify bribes in Mexico and whether this is ethical or not. Each country may view bribery under different societal conditions and circumstances. In most cases, nations with different cultural backgrounds will posses

Essay on Three Types of Friendship Nicomachean Ethics

Throughout our lives, we value many things. Whether it’s valuing family, a passion, or even priorities, we highly praise certain things. For now, let’s take friendship into consideration. Some individuals value friendship whereas others don’t. Those who value friendship value it because they turn to in order to seek shelter when there’s nowhere else to turn to. It is safe to say friendship is a significant part of our lives, and no individual can vouch for friendship like Greek philosopher, Aristotle. Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics delves into this idea of friendship being a necessity as well as conveying the three types of friendship he establishes. Friendship based on utility, pleasure, and virtue were thoroughly examined and ultimately,†¦show more content†¦For example, let’s say we have two friends, Alia and Alana. Alia and Alana have been friends for some time, but Alia secretly despises Alana and secretly talks about her behind her back. However, she continues to be friends with Alana because Alana’s father works at a law firm and knows Alana’s dad can get her an internship at the law firm. By that example, we can conclude that this type of friendship is a temporary since there are no real sentiments of what a friendship should have being that it involves using one to your advantage. Similarly, friendship based on pleasure is also a temporary friendship considering this relationship is the engagement of two individuals who are attracted to each other for personal desires. Friendship based on pleasure can be thought of being attracted to one for sexual desires. These two types of friendships are what Aristotle considers as â€Å"unstable† (Nicomachean Ethics) relationships. I couldn’t agree more with Aristotle because I think these two types of friendships are motivated for the wrong reasons, and are more of acquaintanceships since there is no loyalty being evoked nor any real c ommitment towards each other. They can be related to an individual constantly changing their mind about what they want to be when they get older. Why? These friendships are constantly changing because when one gets tired of it, they replace it. Hence, Aristotle asserts they are onlyShow MoreRelatedConfessions By Saint Augustine And The Nicomachean Ethics1271 Words   |  6 PagesFinal Paper In both, Confessions by Saint Augustine and The Nicomachean Ethics by Aristotle the theme of friendship is constantly portrayed. Each philosopher has his own respected thoughts and opinions about the different aspects of friendship. This paper will argue both the similarities and differences between Aristotle and Saint Augustine’s argument about the role of friendship. In The Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle argues that friendship is the greatest of external goods which is necessary to liveRead MoreThe Ethics Of Nicomachean Ethics1367 Words   |  6 Pages Olivia Schoen Dan Brown Ethics 101 8 April 2015 Nicomachean Ethics As one of the greatest philosophers of all time, Aristotle was one of the greats. He altered history and the way our world views philosophy and ethics. One of his theories of ethics that he written in the form of 10 books was Nicomachean Ethics, this theory consisted of Aristotle’s perspective on the life of man and what makes a good life for man. Personally, I think his theory of ethics is a good outline of how to be an ethicalRead MoreAristotle s Ethics Of Happiness1282 Words   |  6 PagesIn this paper, Aristotle’s ethics of happiness and how happiness and reason relate to one another from Nicomachean Ethics will be discussed. For one to understand Aristotle’s point of view, one must first understand the meaning of good and happiness. If an individual is asked to explain what is good, they may simply begin to list out items that are good. Aristotle explained that a person can easily compose a list of good things like, it is good to have friends or to be hea lthy. What Aristotle meantRead MoreAristotle Theory Of The Good Life1424 Words   |  6 Pages Aristotles Theory of Happiness and the Good Life Aristotle is one of the greatest thinkers in the history of western philosophy, and is most notably known for expressing his view of happiness in Nicomachean Ethics. Aristotle develops a theory of how to live the good life and reach eudaimonia (happiness). Eudaimonia has been translated into, living a happy and virtuous life. Aristotle’s definition of the good life as the happy life, consist of balancing virtues (arà ªte), the mean, external goodsRead MoreAristotle : The Good Life1708 Words   |  7 PagesAristotle: The Good Life Aristotle along with Plato and Socrates are three of the first and arguably the most important philosophers when it comes to modern day philosophy and ethics. Aristotle’s work extended beyond ethics and philosophy into scientific thought where he was a very important figure in that field as well. One of Aristotle’s greatest works was the Nicomachean Ethics. In Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle explores how people should live and concentrates on the individual’s ethical responsibilitiesRead MoreAristotle And Aristotle On Friendship1480 Words   |  6 PagesIn work his work The Nicomachean Ethics Aristotle addresses the question: what is the good life? Aristotle acknowledges that the generally accepted notion of the human good is happiness or, alternatively put, eudaimonia. The difficulty surrounding the age old question, and the topic that Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics primarily addresses, is not what we call the human good, but rather how happiness is define d and what contributes to a good, eudaimonic, flourishing life. Aristotle writes that happinessRead MoreBook Eight And Nine Of Nicomachean Ethics1698 Words   |  7 Pagesand nine of Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle discusses the variations of friendships that are present in human nature. He further goes into detail on the terms and grounds on forming these friendships. I will be analyzing the different types of friendship discussed in Aristotle’s Ethics and answer the difficulties and obstacles present in trying to achieve the perfect friendship, the friendship based on goodness. The beginning of Book eight of the Nicomachean Ethics states that friendship is a â€Å"kindRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Nicomachean Ethics1356 Words   |  6 Pageshis most popular works, Nicomachean Ethics, The ancient Greek philosopher, Aristotle, debates a variety of subjects in order to obtain a better understanding of virtue and what it means to be a virtuous character. One virtue that is extensively examined by Aristotle in book VII of the Nicomachean Ethics, is friendship. He debates that friendship is complete virtue and above justice and morality in which is why it should be so highly valued. His interpretation of friendship is abundantly deeper thanRead MoreTaking a Look at Nicomachean Ethics957 Words   |  4 PagesNicomachean Ethics I chose to write about Aristotle and his beliefs about how the virtuous human being needs friends from Book VIII from Nicomachean Ethics. In this essay I will talk about the three different kinds of friendship that (Utility, Pleasure, and Goodness) that Aristotle claims exist. I will also discuss later in my paper why Aristotle believes that Goodness is the best type of friendship over Utility or Pleasure. In addition to that I will also talk about the similarities and differencesRead MorePositve Psychology and Aristotles Virtue Ethics Converge Essay1569 Words   |  7 Pagesprinciples and tenets of philosophies, which preceded its formal conception. The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast virtue, character strengths, relationships, and happiness as presented by positive psychology with Aristotle’s virtue ethics theory. Positive psychology utilizes five pillars in order to flourish, achieve fulfillment, and satisfaction in life: Positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment (PERMA). The five mainstays of positive psychology are

Vampire Academy Chapter 22 Free Essays

string(66) " the accident comes from more than just your family’s loss\." TWENTY-TWO â€Å"HEAL YOU?† Heal him? My thoughts echoed hers. â€Å"You’re the only way,† he said patiently. â€Å"The only way to cure this disease. We will write a custom essay sample on Vampire Academy Chapter 22 or any similar topic only for you Order Now I’ve been watching you for years, waiting until I was certain.† Lissa shook her head. â€Å"I can’t†¦no. I can’t do anything like that.† â€Å"Your healing powers are incredible. No one has any idea just how powerful.† â€Å"I don’t know what you’re talking about.† â€Å"Come now, Vasilisa. I know about the raven – Natalie saw you do it. She’d been following you. And I know how you healed Rose.† She realized the pointlessness of denying it. â€Å"That†¦was different. Rose wasn’t that hurt. But you†¦I can’t do anything about Sandovsky’s Syndrome.† â€Å"Not that hurt?† he laughed. â€Å"I’m not talking about her ankle – which was still impressive. I’m talking about the car accident. Because you’re right, you know. Rose didn’t get ? ®that hurt.’ She died.† He let the words sink in. â€Å"That’s†¦no. She lived,† Lissa finally managed. â€Å"No. Well, yes, she did. But I read all the reports. There was no way she should have survived – especially with so many injuries. You healed her. You brought her back.† He sighed, half wistful and half weary. â€Å"I’d suspected you could do this for so long, and I tried so hard to repeat it†¦to see how much you could control†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Lissa caught on and gasped. â€Å"The animals. It was you.† â€Å"With Natalie’s help.† â€Å"Why would you do that? How could you?† â€Å"Because I had to know. I have only a few more weeks to live, Vasilisa. If you can truly bring back the dead, then you can cure Sandovsky’s. I had to know before I took you away that you could heal at will and not just in moments of panic.† â€Å"Why take me at all?† A spark of anger flared up in her. â€Å"You’re my near-uncle. If you wanted me to do this – if you really think I can†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Her voice and feelings showed me she didn’t really entirely believe she could heal him. â€Å"Then why kidnap me? Why didn’t you just ask?† â€Å"Because it’s not a onetime affair. It took a long time to figure out what you are, but I managed to acquire some of the old histories†¦scrolls kept out of Moroi museums. When I read about how wielding spirit works – â€Å" â€Å"Wielding what?† â€Å"Spirit. It’s what you’ve specialized in.† â€Å"I haven’t specialized in anything! You’re crazy.† â€Å"Where else do you think these powers of yours have come from? Spirit is another element, one few people have any more.† Lissa’s mind was still reeling from the kidnapping and the possible truth that she’d brought me back from the dead. â€Å"That doesn’t make any sense. Even if it wasn’t common, I still would have heard of another element! Or of someone having it.† â€Å"No one knows about spirit anymore. It’s been forgotten. When people do specialize in it, nobody realizes it. They think the person simply hasn’t specialized at all.† â€Å"Look, if you’re just trying to make me feel – † She abruptly cut herself off. She was angry and afraid, but behind those emotions, her higher reasoning had been processing what he’d said about spirit users and specializing. It now caught up with her. â€Å"Oh my God. Vladimir and Ms. Karp.† He gave her a knowing look. â€Å"You’ve known about this all along.† â€Å"No! I swear. It’s just something Rose was looking into†¦She said they were like me†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Lissa was starting to change from a little scared to all scared. The news was too shocking. â€Å"They are like you. The books even say Vladimir was ? ®full of spirit.’ † Victor seemed to find that funny. Seeing that smile made me want to slap him. â€Å"I thought†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Lissa still wanted him to be wrong. The idea of not specializing was safer than specializing in some freakish element. â€Å"I thought that meant, like, the Holy Spirit.† â€Å"So does everyone else, but no. It’s something else entirely. An element that’s within all of us. A master element that can give you indirect control over the others.† Apparently my theory about her specializing in all the elements wasn’t so far off. She worked hard to get a grip on this news and her own self-control. â€Å"That doesn’t answer my question. It doesn’t matter if I have this spirit thing or whatever. You didn’t have to kidnap me.† â€Å"Spirit, as you’ve seen, can heal physical injuries. Unfortunately, it’s only good on acute injuries. Onetime things. Rose’s ankle. The accident wounds. For something chronic – say, a genetic disease like Sandovsky’s – continual healings are required. Otherwise it will keep coming back. That’s what would happen to me. I need you, Vasilisa. I need you to help me fight this and keep it away. So I can live.† â€Å"That still doesn’t explain why you took me,† she argued. â€Å"I would have helped you if you’d asked.† â€Å"They never would have let you do it. The school. The council. Once they got over the shock of finding a spirit user, they’d get hung up on ethics. After all, how does one choose who gets to be healed? They’d say it wasn’t fair. That it was like playing God. Or else they’d worry about the toll it’d take on you.† She flinched, knowing exactly what toll he referred to. Seeing her expression, he nodded. â€Å"Yes. I won’t lie to you. It will be hard. It will exhaust you – mentally and physically. But I must do it. I am sorry. You’ll be provided with feeders and other entertainments for your services.† She leapt from the chair. Ben immediately stepped forward and pushed her back into it. â€Å"And then what? Are you going to just make me a prisoner here? Your own private nurse?† He made that annoying open-palmed gesture again. â€Å"I’m sorry. I have no choice.† White-hot anger blasted away the fear inside of her. She spoke in a low voice. â€Å"Yes. You don’t have the choice, because this is me we’re talking about.† â€Å"It’s better for you this way. You know how the others turned out. How Vladimir spent the last of his days stark, raving mad. How Sonya Karp had to be taken away. The trauma you’ve experienced since the accident comes from more than just your family’s loss. You read "Vampire Academy Chapter 22" in category "Essay examples" It’s from using spirit. The accident woke the spirit in you; your fear over seeing Rose dead made it burst out, allowing you to heal her. It forged your bond. And once it’s out, you can’t put it back. It’s a powerful element – but it’s also dangerous. Earth users get their power from the earth, air users from the air. But spirit? Where do you think that comes from?† She glared. â€Å"It comes from you, from your own essence. To heal another, you must give part of yourself. The more you do that, the more it will destroy you over time. You must be noticing that already. I’ve seen how much certain things upset you, how fragile you are.† â€Å"I’m not fragile,† snapped Lissa. â€Å"And I’m not going to go crazy. I’m going to stop using spirit before things get worse.† He smiled. â€Å"Stop using it? You might as well stop breathing. Spirit has its own agenda†¦You’ll always have the urge to help and heal. It’s part of you. You resisted the animals, but you didn’t think twice about helping Rose. You can’t even help compulsion – which spirit also gives you special strength in. And that’s how it will always be. You can’t avoid spirit. Better to stay here, in isolation, away from further sources of stress. You’d either have become increasingly unstable at the Academy, or they would have put you on some pill that would have made you feel better but stunted your power.† A calm core of confidence settled inside her, one very different from what I’d observed over the last couple of years. â€Å"I love you, Uncle Victor, but I’m the one who has to deal with that and decide what to do. Not you. You’re making me give up my life for yours. That’s not fair.† â€Å"It’s a matter of which life means more. I love you too. Very much. But the Moroi are falling apart. Our numbers are dropping as we let the Strigoi prey upon us. We used to actively seek them out. Now Tatiana and the other leaders hide away. They keep you and your peers isolated. In the old days, you were trained to fight alongside your guardians! You were taught to use magic as a weapon. Not any longer. We wait. We are victims.† As he stared off, both Lissa and I could see how caught up in his passion he was. â€Å"I would have changed that if I were king. I would have brought about a revolution the likes of which neither Moroi nor Strigoi have ever seen. I should have been Tatiana’s heir. She was ready to name me before they discovered the disease, and then she would not. If I were cured†¦if I were cured, I could take my rightful place†¦Ã¢â‚¬  His words triggered something inside of Lissa, a sudden consideration for the state of the Moroi. She’d never contemplated what he’d said, about how different it might be if Moroi and their guardians fought side by side to rid the world of the Strigoi and their evil. It reminded her of Christian and what he’d said about using magic as a weapon too. But even if she did appreciate Victor’s convictions, neither of us thought it was worth what he wanted her to do. â€Å"I’m sorry,† she whispered. â€Å"I’m sorry for you. But please don’t make me do this.† â€Å"I have to.† She looked him straight in the eye. â€Å"I won’t do it.† He inclined his head, and someone stepped forward from the corner. Another Moroi. No one I knew. Walking around behind Lissa, he untied her hands. â€Å"This is Kenneth.† Victor held his hands out toward her free ones. â€Å"Please, Vasilisa. Take my hands. Send the magic through me just as you did with Rose.† She shook her head. â€Å"No.† His voice was less kindly when he spoke again. â€Å"Please. One way or another, you will heal me. I’d rather it be on your terms, not ours.† She shook her head again. He made a slight gesture toward Kenneth. And that’s when the pain started. Lissa screamed. I screamed. In the SUV, Dimitri’s grip on the wheel jerked in surprise, making us veer. Casting me an alarmed look, he started to pull over. â€Å"No, no! Keep going!† I pressed my palms to my temples. â€Å"We have to get there!† From behind my seat, Alberta reached forward and rested a hand on my shoulder. â€Å"Rose, what’s happening?† I blinked back tears. â€Å"They’re torturing her†¦with air. This guy†¦Kenneth†¦he’s making it press against her†¦into her head. The pressure’s insane. It feels like my – her – skull’s gonna explode.† I started sobbing. Dimitri looked at me out of the corner of his eye and pressed the gas pedal down harder. Kenneth didn’t stop with just the physical force of air. He also used it to affect her breathing. Sometimes he’d smother her with it; other times he’d take it all away and leave her gasping. After enduring all that firsthand – and it was bad enough secondhand – I felt pretty confident I would have done anything they wanted. And finally, she did. Hurting and bleary-eyed, Lissa took Victor’s hands. I’d never been in her head when she worked magic and didn’t know what to expect. At first, I felt nothing. Just a sense of concentration. Then†¦it was like†¦I don’t even know how to describe it. Color and light and music and life and joy and love†¦so many wonderful things, all the lovely things that make up the world and make it worth living in. Lissa summoned up all of those things, as many as she could, and sent them into Victor. The magic flowed through both of us, brilliant and sweet. It was alive. It was her life. And as wonderful as it all felt, she was growing weaker and weaker. But as all of those elements – bound by the mysterious spirit element – flowed into Victor, he grew stronger and stronger. The change was startling. His skin smoothed, no longer wrinkled and pocked. The gray thinning hair filled out, turning dark and lustrous once more. The green eyes – still jadelike – sparkled again, turning alert and lively. He’d become the Victor she remembered from her childhood. Exhausted, Lissa passed out. In the SUV, I tried to relate what was happening. Dimitri’s face grew darker and darker, and he spat out a string of Russian swear words he still hadn’t taught me the meanings of. When we were a quarter mile from the cabin, Alberta made a call on her cell phone, and our whole convoy pulled over. All of the guardians – more than a dozen-got out and stood huddled, planning strategy. Someone went ahead to scout and returned with a report on the number of people inside and outside of the cabin. When the group seemed ready to disperse, I started to get out of the car. Dimitri stopped me. â€Å"No, Roza. You stay here.† â€Å"The hell with that. I have to go help her.† He cupped my chin with his hands, fixing me with his eyes. â€Å"You have helped her. Your job is done. You did it well. But this isn’t any place for you. She and I both need you to stay safe.† Only the realization that arguing would delay the rescue kept me quiet. Swallowing back any protests, I nodded. He nodded back and joined the others. All of them slipped off into the woods, blending with the trees. Sighing, I kicked the passenger seat back and lay down. I was so tired. Even though the sun poured through the windshield, it was night for me. I’d been up for most of it, and a lot had happened in that time. Between the adrenaline of my own role and sharing Lissa’s pain, I could have passed out just like she had. Except that she was awake now. Slowly, her perceptions dominated mine once more. She lay on a couch in the cabin. One of Victor’s henchmen must have carried her there after she’d fainted. Victor himself – alive and well now, thanks to his abuse of her – stood in the kitchen with the others as they all spoke in low voices about their plans. Only one stood near Lissa, keeping watch. He’d be easy to take down when Dimitri and the Badass Team burst inside. Lissa studied the lone guardian and then glanced at a window beside the couch. Still dizzy from the healing, she managed to sit up. The guardian turned around, watching her warily. She met his eyes and smiled. â€Å"You’re going to stay quiet no matter what I do,† she told him. â€Å"You aren’t going to call for help or tell anyone when I leave. Okay?† The thrall of compulsion slid over him. He nodded in agreement. Moving toward the window, she unlocked it and slid the glass up. As she did, a tumble of considerations played through her mind. She was weak. She didn’t know how far from the Academy – from anything, really – she was. She had no clue how far she could get before someone noticed. But she also knew she might not get another chance at escape. She had no intention of spending the rest of her life in this cabin in the woods. At any other time, I would have cheered on her boldness, but not this time. Not when all those guardians were about to save her. She needed to stay put. Unfortunately, she couldn’t hear my advice. Lissa climbed out the window, and I swore out loud. â€Å"What? What’d you see?† asked a voice behind me. I jerked up from my reclining position in the car, banging my head on the ceiling. Glancing behind me, I found Christian peering up from the cargo space behind the farthest backseats. â€Å"What are you doing here?† I asked. â€Å"What’s it look like? I’m a stowaway.† â€Å"Don’t you have a concussion or something?† He shrugged like it didn’t matter. What a great pair he and Lissa were. Neither afraid to take on crazy feats while seriously injured. Still, if Kirova had made me stay behind, I would have been right beside him in the back. â€Å"What’s happening?† he asked. â€Å"Did you see something new? Hastily, I told him. I also got out of the car as I spoke. He followed. â€Å"She doesn’t know our guys are already coming for her. I’m going to go get her before she kills herself with exhaustion.† â€Å"What about the guardians? The school’s, I mean. Are you going to tell them she’s gone?† I shook my head. â€Å"They’re probably already busting down the cabin’s door. I’m going after her.† She was somewhere off to the right side of the cabin. I could head in that direction but wouldn’t be able to get very precise until I was much closer to her. Still, it didn’t matter. I had to find her. Seeing Christian’s face, I couldn’t resist giving him a dry smile. â€Å"And yeah, I know. You’re going with me.† How to cite Vampire Academy Chapter 22, Essay examples

Environmental Management for Human Conditions- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theEnvironmental Management for Human Medical Conditions. Answer: Introduction and Background The report is based on the CSL limited. It tells that how the company is managing and controlling its strategies in order to maintain sustainability around the world. It describes the planning process, human resource management, and leadership. It describes that how the value chain process increases the profit and revenue of the firm. It explains that how the firm is becoming one of the biggest brands in biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry in Australia. In additions, it explains the promotional mix of the company and it tells that how the company is maintaining the sustainability within the organization. Along with this, the report describes the future strategies which should be used by the firm. CSL limited company is engaged and occupied in the manufacture, development, and marketing of biopharmaceutical products for the prevention and treatment of dangerous and serious human medical conditions (Vicente, Ikuyo, Mota, and Hasegawa, 2013). It was established in 1916 under the name commonwealth serum laboratories. It was one of the biggest leaders in Australia who work for the life of the patients. It is the first public company in Australia who supply and deals in life-saving products such as penicillin, insulin, drugs and polio vaccine. The companys registered head office is situated in Parkville, Victoria. Mainly it provides basic facilities in Australia, United States, Germany, Switzerland, and America (Buckley, Forsans, and Munjal, 2012). CSL limited specializes in plasma protein therapies and vaccine. Further, it provides various types of antivenoms, vaccines and pharmaceutical products in New Zealand and Australia. The organizations continuously improve and develop product lifecycle through global collaboration and innovation. Rewards have been given to the CSL limited company for its solid growth and progress in the biotechnology industry in Australia. The products of the company can be separated by the company division (Shahhosseini and Ardahaey, 2011). The firm is listed on the Australian securities exchange. Further, the company employed talented and dedicated employees within the organization. In addition, the company focuses on the external environment to manage and control the external risk and challenges which are faced by the company while conducting business activities and operations across the world. It monitors and evaluates various exterior factors such as political, legal, socio-cultural, technological factors and environmental factors. In this way, the company is able to manage the risk and key challenges of the company. The company is operating and exploring its business activities and operations around the world to gain development and progress (Vicente, Ikuyo, Mota, and Hasegawa, 2013). Planning Planning is an integral part of the each and every business. The company cannot explore its business across the world without effective planning process. It is the process of making effective plans and policies in order to attain the course of action within the organization (Durst, Edvardsson and Bruns, 2015). In other words, planning is the process to determine the long-term goals and objectives of the firm. It formulates, directs and implements various rules and policies for achieving the mission and vision of the firm. CSL limited company do effective planning to derive and serve various patients across the world. Through the effective planning process, the company is able to fulfill the needs, requirements, and expectations of the employees. In this way, planning plays a commercial role in order to increase the sales of the company in the universal market. In todays era, the company is developing contingency planning and risk mitigation around the world. Planning is done by the c ompany to create innovative reimbursement support programs for external and internal customers (Petcharat and Mula, 2010). Planning will also help to ensure the legal and regulatory requirements within the organization and it will also assist to prepare a budget for the company. It is the continuous process which provides direction and guidance to the people. Through the planning process, long-term mission and vision of the company can be achieved easily. Along with this, the company is using effective strategies for preventing and reducing hazardous and serious diseases and illness. The main aim of the company is to provide good quality of therapies and services to the people across the world. The firm focuses on the patients, life-threatening conditions, and passion. The commitment of the company is to save and protect the life of the people around the world. Patient focus, integrity, collaboration, innovation and superior performance are the core values of the Global biotechnolog y company. These core values play a vital and integral role in order to attain the course of actions. Patient focus is the primary and important core value of the company (Daizell, 2010). CSL limited company develops and builds their mission and vision to gain the adequate and separate position in the universal market. In addition, they utilize their natural resources for producing drugs, medicines and other types of biotechnology products across the world. The holistic approach and eco-friendly packaging strategy are being used by the company to maintain and protect the good environment. In additions, it represents the values and culture of the company towards society as well as customers in the market. The company is using planning process to improve the customer's experience across the world. Along with this, business ethics and code of conducts are followed by the company to achieve the sustainability at the workplace. In this way, the company is managing its business activities and operations in an appropriate and effective manner for enhancing their goodwill in the global target market. On the other side, the firm is updating its marketing strategies on daily basis to improve the performance of the firm as well as employees. Now it can be said that the organization cannot reach its target market without effective planning process in the international market (Krtke, 2014). Sustainable human resource management Managing and controlling the available human resources within the organization is quite complex and hard procedure to meet long-term targets. HRM maintains integrity and dignity within the organization. Entire activities and operations are performed by the HRM in an effective and adequate manner. Through effective and sustainable human resource management, the company could be able to appoint a right and suitable person for the employment. It uses effective recruitment and selection methods and techniques to recruit candidate within the organization. Apart from this, the company maintains a research and development team for inventing and implementing new technologies. Further, various models and procedures have been developed by the firm to gain desired results and outputs in near future. HRM team checks and evaluates the capabilities and potentials of the candidates to gain various growth opportunities in the market across the world (Sudin, 2011). Further, training and development, coaching and counseling are provided by the human resource management to handle and manage the complaints and queries of the customers. Effective planning and HRM are compulsory to understand and observe the expectations, values, needs, and requirements of the consumers within the organization (Durst, Edvardsson and Bruns, 2015). In addition, HRM team is accountable to maintain ethical and healthy working environment in the organization. They are also answerable to provide proper remuneration and rewards to the capable and skilled employees who are performing task and duties efficiently and effectively (Bstieler, Hemmert, and Barczak, 2015). They should resolve conflicts and issues which are faced by the people within the organization while performing jobs and duties effectively and efficiently. Now it is assumed that HRM is the core and essential function of each and every organization to run the business process and activities smoothly. The firm c annot appoint right and suitable candidates for the employment without effective and sustainable human resource management. HR team is accountable to maintain proper communication and cooperation among the different department of the firm. They provide motivation to the workers to fulfill their duties at the workplace. Further, they are accountable to keep proper record and information about the qualification, background, and experience of the employees. Further, various performance appraisal methods and techniques to analyze and evaluate the performance and efficiency of the workers within the organization (Quirs, and Ronda, 2011). Leadership strategy Leadership is the important and foremost function of the CSL limited company. The firm cannot control the various activities and operations without effective leadership. It is the process to manage and control the activities of subordinates in order to meet the desired results and outcomes. HRM appoints an effective and potential person to manage and handle the entire team in the firm. Leaders are the essential and foremost part of the CSL limited. Through effective leadership, employees get appropriate direction and guidance for doing task effectively in the global market. They could be able to maintain rules, regulations, and code of conducts of the business (Durst, Edvardsson and Bruns, 2015). Various effective leadership styles and approaches have been adopted by the corporation to take an effective decision in the organization. Mostly, democratic leadership style is being used by the company to enhance and increase the growth and sustainability in the market (Patwary and Rahman, 2015). Employees, managers and top management participate in democratic leadership style to take an effective decision within the organization. In this way, the company is able to maintain effective goodwill around the world. To gain the growth and success in the competitive market, the players focus on the attributes and aspects of the workers as well as company (Lindgren and Packendorff, 2011). It will also help to maintain a balance among the different departments of the company. The democratic leadership style which is used by the company is unique and impressive to attain the long-term competitive advantages in the market. Through this strategy, the company could be able to maximize its prof it and revenue and it will also improve the productivity of the organization and workers as well. Leaders give effective contribution to accomplishing the desired goals and objectives of the firm. The company cannot measure the performance and efficiency of the subordinates without effective leaders. They help to take various important decisions that are related to growth and success of the company. They provide training to the employees to handle and manage various wrong full activities and key issues of the market (Kessel, 2014). Managing value chain and technology It is considered the significant part of the CSL limited company to deliver various biotechnology products, drugs, and vaccines around the world. The value chain process helps to reduce the cost of products and it increases the net worth of the shareholders in the organization (Aggarwal, 2014). Further, it helps to maximize the revenue and profits of the firm by controlling value chain process within the organization. It will also help to gain various benefits in the competitive environment. Further, it prevents and reduces the various risks and challenges which are existed in the market. Up gradation and alteration is mandatory in the value chain process to improve the quality of the products. Further, technology is also an effective and integral part of the company (Realini and Marcos, 2014). The business activities and operations of the CSL limited depend on the innovative technologies which have been implemented by the firm to develop various medicines, vaccines, and biotechnology products. By implementing innovative and modern technologies, the company can take various benefits in the market (Patwary and Rahman, 2015). Technology is an important aspect to explore and flourish its business operations and activities across the world. It uses innovative technologies to improve the various types of therapies to provide satisfaction to the people (Abou-Gharbia and Childers, 2014). Innovative technologies will also help to reduce and prevent various harmful illness and diseases around the world. Now a days, CSL limited is exploring its business activities in the various countries across the world by adopting effective and innovative technologies. It also helps to increase and enhance the supply of the products around the world. Further, the company should monitors and analyz es advanced technologies that are being used by the firm to fulfill the requirements and expectations of patients. It also helps to enhance and encourage the level of confidence of the people. It assists to build and develop integrity, honesty, and loyalty among the employees of the firm. In this way, the firm is proving innovative and new biotechnology products to its customers in the global market (Patwary and Rahman, 2015). Recommendations and future managerial strategies The below described future managerial strategies are used by the CSL limited that have been discussed below. Pricing strategy: It is the important strategy of the company. The suitable and appropriate prices of biotechnology medicines and drugs are fixed by the company. The main aim of this strategy is to provide good quality of products at appropriate prices in the global market (Wilson, 2011). Product strategy: The firm uses product strategy to ensure the good quality of products. The company is offering innovative products in the global market (Smith, 2015). The main aim of this strategy is to save the lives of the people by providing various types of biotechnology products around the world. The company analyzes and monitors the activities, plans, and policies of the competitors to manufacture and produce the unique and effective products in the market (White, Lim and Lee, 2012). Advertisement and distribution strategy: It is one of the biggest strategies of the company to increase and enhance the supply of the biotechnology products. This strategy helps to attract more customers in the universal market. Through this strategy, the company can attract more customers in the international market. None of the company can maximize its profits and revenue without using effective advertisement and promotional strategy. Various natural resources and environment must be utilized to enhance and increase the quality of therapies and biotechnology products and services (Sambandan and Hernandez Raja, 2015). Now it has been recommended that the company should focus on the quality of products which are being used by the company. Further, various shops and stores should be opened by the company. In addition, it should use various societal and quality approaches to enhance and encourage attributes of the products across the world. In addition, the company should improve in advertisement and promotion strategy in order to increase the demand for the company. Along with these things, various marketing strategies must be used by the firm (Smith, 2015). Conclusion On the above discussion, it has been noticed that CSL is one of the biggest players who is offering various biotechnology products and services in the global market across the world. The company is responsible to provide proper care and safety to the people at the workplace. In addition, it should focus on the leadership, planning and value chain process and technology. They help to attain the long-term mission and vision of the firm in the market across the world. It is one of the leading biotechnology industries in Australia who is providing good quality of products to the customers. It will also help to maintain sustainability and cooperation at the workplace in the company. It must improve the marketing, promotional and advertisement strategies to gain the various competitive benefits in the global market. References Abou-Gharbia, M. and Childers, W.E., 2014. Discovery of innovative therapeutics: todays realities and tomorrows vision. 2. Pharmas challenges and their commitment to innovation.Journal of medicinal chemistry,57(13), pp.5525-5553. Aggarwal, S.R., 2014. What's fueling the biotech engine [mdash] 2012 to 2013.Nature biotechnology,32(1), pp.32-39. 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